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Instead, you can call Process. Start for the Process class itself, and a new Process component is created if the process was started. Or, null is returned if a process was reused. The process resource is automatically associated with the new Process component that is returned by the Process. Start method. The Process. StartInfo members can be used to duplicate the functionality of the Run dialog box of the Windows Start menu. Anything that can be typed into a command line can be started by setting the appropriate values in the Process.
StartInfo property. The only Process. StartInfo property that must be set is the ProcessStartInfo. FileName property. The ProcessStartInfo. FileName property does not have to be an executable file. It can be of any file type for which the extension has been associated with an application that is installed on the system.
For example, the ProcessStartInfo. FileName property can have a. In the command line, you can specify actions to take for certain types of files. For example, you can print documents or edit text files. Specify these actions using the System. Verb not supported on the shared source CLI member of the Process. For other types of files, you can specify command line arguments when you start the file from the Run dialog box.
These arguments can be specified in the Process. StartInfo property's ProcessStartInfo. Arguments member. Whenever you use Process. Start to start a process, you might need to close it or you risk losing system resources. Close processes using System. A note about apartment states in managed threads is necessary here.
When ProcessStartInfo. UseShellExecute is true on the process component's Process. StartInfo property, make sure you have set a threading model on your application by setting the attribute [STAThread] on the main method. Otherwise, a managed thread can be in an unknown state or put in the MTA state, the latter of which conflicts with ProcessStartInfo. UseShellExecute being true. Read , System.
ReadLine , and System. ReadToEnd perform synchronous read operations on the output stream of the process. These synchronous read operations do not complete until the associated System. Process writes to its Process. StandardOutput stream, or closes the stream. In contrast, Process. BeginOutputReadLine starts asynchronous read operations on the Process. StandardOutput stream. This method enables a designated event handler for the stream output and immediately returns to the caller, which can perform other work while the stream output is directed to the event handler.
Synchronous read operations introduce a dependency between the caller reading from the Process. StandardOutput stream and the child process writing to that stream. These dependencies can result in deadlock conditions. When the caller reads from the redirected stream of a child process, it is dependent on the child.
The caller waits on the read operation until the child writes to the stream or closes the stream. When the child process writes enough data to fill its redirected stream, it is dependent on the parent. The child process waits on the next write operation until the parent reads from the full stream or closes the stream. The deadlock condition results when the caller and child process wait on each other to complete an operation, and neither can proceed.
You can avoid deadlocks by evaluating dependencies between the caller and child process. The following C code, for example, shows how to read from a redirected stream and wait for the child process to exit. ReadToEnd ; p. WaitForExit ; The code example avoids a deadlock condition by calling p. ReadToEnd before p. A deadlock condition can result if the parent process calls p.
WaitForExit before p. ReadToEnd and the child process writes enough text to fill the redirected stream. The parent process would wait indefinitely for the child process to exit. The child process would wait indefinitely for the parent to read from the full Process.
There is a similar issue when you read all text from both the standard output and standard error streams. The following C code, for example, performs a read operation on both streams. WaitForExit ; The code example avoids the deadlock condition by performing asynchronous read operations on the Process.
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The default is false. Start ; Console. WriteLine compiler. ReadToEnd ; compiler. StandardOutput ' stream which is then displayed in this console window directly. Using compiler As New Process compiler. Start Console. ReadToEnd compiler. By setting RedirectStandardOutput to true to redirect the StandardOutput stream, you can manipulate or suppress the output of a process. For example, you can filter the text, format it differently, or write the output to both the console and a designated log file.
Otherwise, reading from the StandardOutput stream throws an exception. The redirected StandardOutput stream can be read synchronously or asynchronously. Methods such as Read , ReadLine , and ReadToEnd perform synchronous read operations on the output stream of the process.
These synchronous read operations do not complete until the associated Process writes to its StandardOutput stream, or closes the stream. This method enables a designated event handler see OutputDataReceived for the stream output and immediately returns to the caller, which can perform other work while the stream output is directed to the event handler. Note The application that is processing the asynchronous output should call the WaitForExit method to ensure that the output buffer has been flushed.
Synchronous read operations introduce a dependency between the caller reading from the StandardOutput stream and the child process writing to that stream. These dependencies can cause deadlock conditions. When the caller reads from the redirected stream of a child process, it is dependent on the child.
The caller waits for the read operation until the child writes to the stream or closes the stream. When the child process writes enough data to fill its redirected stream, it is dependent on the parent. The child process waits for the next write operation until the parent reads from the full stream or closes the stream.
The deadlock condition results when the caller and child process wait for each other to complete an operation, and neither can continue. You can avoid deadlocks by evaluating dependencies between the caller and child process. The last two examples in this section use the Start method to launch an executable named WriteLines. The following example contains its source code. Imports System. If you pass 0 zero to the method, it returns true only if the process has already exited; otherwise, it immediately returns false.
Note In the. NET Framework 3. When standard output has been redirected to asynchronous event handlers, it is possible that output processing will not have completed when this method returns. To ensure that asynchronous event handling has been completed, call the WaitForExit overload that takes no parameter after receiving a true from this overload. To help ensure that the Exited event is handled correctly in Windows Forms applications, set the SynchronizingObject property.
When an associated process exits is shut down by the operating system through a normal or abnormal termination , the system stores administrative information about the process and returns to the component that had called WaitForExit Int The Process component can then access the information, which includes the ExitTime , by using the Handle to the exited process. Because the associated process has exited, the Handle property of the component no longer points to an existing process resource.
Instead, the handle can be used only to access the operating system's information about the process resource. The system is aware of handles to exited processes that have not been released by Process components, so it keeps the ExitTime and Handle information in memory until the Process component specifically frees the resources.
For this reason, any time you call Start for a Process instance, call Close when the associated process has terminated and you no longer need any administrative information about it.
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StandardOutput ' stream which is then displayed in this console window directly. Using compiler As New Process compiler. Start Console. ReadToEnd compiler. By setting RedirectStandardOutput to true to redirect the StandardOutput stream, you can manipulate or suppress the output of a process. For example, you can filter the text, format it differently, or write the output to both the console and a designated log file. Otherwise, reading from the StandardOutput stream throws an exception.
The redirected StandardOutput stream can be read synchronously or asynchronously. Methods such as Read , ReadLine , and ReadToEnd perform synchronous read operations on the output stream of the process. These synchronous read operations do not complete until the associated Process writes to its StandardOutput stream, or closes the stream. This method enables a designated event handler see OutputDataReceived for the stream output and immediately returns to the caller, which can perform other work while the stream output is directed to the event handler.
Note The application that is processing the asynchronous output should call the WaitForExit method to ensure that the output buffer has been flushed. Synchronous read operations introduce a dependency between the caller reading from the StandardOutput stream and the child process writing to that stream. These dependencies can cause deadlock conditions. When the caller reads from the redirected stream of a child process, it is dependent on the child. The caller waits for the read operation until the child writes to the stream or closes the stream.
When the child process writes enough data to fill its redirected stream, it is dependent on the parent. The child process waits for the next write operation until the parent reads from the full stream or closes the stream.
The deadlock condition results when the caller and child process wait for each other to complete an operation, and neither can continue. You can avoid deadlocks by evaluating dependencies between the caller and child process. The last two examples in this section use the Start method to launch an executable named WriteLines.
The following example contains its source code. Imports System. The following example shows how to read from a redirected stream and wait for the child process to exit. The example avoids a deadlock condition by calling p. ReadToEnd before p.
A deadlock condition can result if the parent process calls p. It should be called after all other methods are called on the process. To avoid blocking the current thread, use the Exited event. This method instructs the Process component to wait a finite amount of time for the process to exit. If the associated process does not exit by the end of the interval because the request to terminate is denied, false is returned to the calling procedure.
You can specify Timeout. Infinite for milliseconds, and Process. If you pass 0 zero to the method, it returns true only if the process has already exited; otherwise, it immediately returns false. Note In the. NET Framework 3. When standard output has been redirected to asynchronous event handlers, it is possible that output processing will not have completed when this method returns.
To ensure that asynchronous event handling has been completed, call the WaitForExit overload that takes no parameter after receiving a true from this overload. To help ensure that the Exited event is handled correctly in Windows Forms applications, set the SynchronizingObject property.
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