- 9 лет ago
- Published в: Last winner ethereum
- 3
- Автор: Taulabar
English interdental sounds include [ ] and [ ]. The active articulator may be either the tongue blade or usually the tongue tip -- diacritic symbols can be used if it matters which. English alveolar sounds include [t], [d], [n], [s], [z], [l]. English postalveolars include [ ] and [ ]. Linguists have traditionally used very inconsistent terminology in referring to the postalveolar POA. Some of the terms you may encounter for it include: palato-alveolar, alveo-palatal, alveolo-palatal, and even especially among English-speakers palatal.
Many insist that palato-alveolar and alveo lo -palatal are two different things -- though they don't agree which is which. Retroflexes can be classed as apico-postalveolar, though not all apico-postalveolars need to be curled backward enough to count as retroflex. The closest sound to a retroflex that English has is [ ].
For most North Americans, the tongue tip is curled back in [ ], though not as much as it is in languages that have true retroflexes. Many other North Americans use what is called a "bunched r" -- instead of curling their tongues back, they bunch the front up and push it forward to form an approximant behind the alveolar ridge. The English glide [j] is a palatal. English velars include [k], [g], and [ ]. Glottal sounds are made in the larynx. For the glottal stop, the vocal cords close momentarily and cut off all airflow through the vocal tract.
Affricates can, therefore, be divided into two parts: a plosive followed by a fricative as there is closure and friction in the same place. But note that affricates are always analyzed as only one phoneme. Nasals: In nasal sounds the velum soft palate is lowered blocking off the oral cavity. Air can only escape through the nose. Fricatives: Fricatives are created when air forces its way through a narrow gap between two articulators at a steady pace. They can be divided into two categories: slit fricatives and groove fricatives.
Laterals: The tip of the tongue is pressed onto the alveolar ridge. The rims of the tongue are lowered so that the air escapes over the lowered tongue rims. Approximants: The name approximants refers to the fact that the articulators involved approach each another without actually touching.

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